Einen Linux Server erstellen

Wo fängt man da an?

Zunächst einmal mit den drei wichtigsten Komponenten. Apache2, MySQL und Proftpd. Die sind noch sehr schnell installiert und die Ports auf die Standards eingestellt.

Server Programmierung

Man hat ein doofes Häschen in einem Wolfsrudel. (Nein, Häschen sind lieb und nicht doof)

Der Server ist nicht konfiguriert und hat nur die blöde Apache2 localhost Seite. (Das werden wir ändern).

Wir stellen die V-Hosts ein. Im Verzeichnis /etc/apache2/sites-available/ befindet sich die Datei 000-default.conf. Das muss etwa so aussehen.

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
    ServerName localhost
    ServerAlias localhost
    ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin admin@9965.de
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/9965Games"
    ServerName gamerfreunde.computer-worker.de
    ServerAlias gamerfreunde.computer-worker.de
    ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

und im Terminal

$ sudo service apache2 restart

Dann möchtet Ihr sicherlich noch ins MySQL rein. Dazu sollte MySQL standardmäßig gestartet sein. Wenn nicht, dann

$ sudo service mysql start

und zur Sicherheit auch

$ sudo service proftpd start

Wenn die Programme nicht antworten, ist das etwas gutes, denn dann sind sie gestartet. Kontrollieren kann man den Status mit

$ sudo service proftpd status

Ääääh, Hallo, Emails!!!

Richtig, die haben wir ausgespart, weil es jetzt etwas kompliziert wird. Auf Windows gibt es den Hmail Emailserver. Der ist totalo kompletto ausgestattet. Man muss ihn installieren und hat alles da.

Die traurige Nachricht. Linux hat so etwas nicht. Linux hat zu installierende Komponenten. Die muss man selbst zusammenfügen.

Die Oberfläche zum Emailen nennt sich hier Postfix. Postfix ist alleinstehend dafür gedacht, dass ein einziger Mensch an einem Emailserver mit einer Emailadresse emailen kann. Auch nur am selben Rechner, auf dem sich das Localhost Netzwerk befindet. Ohne Spamassassin oder Sicherheitssystem.

$ sudo apt-get install postfix

Jetzt gehen wir in die Linux Anwendungsverwaltung. Statt alles durch Installation einzugeben, klicken wir uns mal etwas nach vorn.

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Wir haben jetzt MySQL mit Postfix verbunden. Postfix braucht nun eine Postfix Datenbank und MySQL Tables. Also zuerst.

sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin

(Installation geht auch über die Anwendungsverwaltung). Dann beginnt die Installation. Wenn ihr dazu aufgefordert werdet, wählt im Dialogfeld „Konfigurieren von phpMyAdmin“ die Option „Apache2″. Wenn ihr nach dem MySQL-Benutzernamen und dem Passwort gefragt werden, gebt “ root “ als Benutzernamen und „Brathering-2-99“ als Passwort ein.

Konfiguriert nach Abschluss der Installation phpMyAdmin so, dass es vom lokalen Webserver erkannt wird.

Öffnet die Apache-Konfigurationsdatei in Ihrem bevorzugten Texteditor.

sudo gedit /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Startet dann den Webserver neu.

sudo service apache2 neu starten

Gebt Sie nun die folgende URL in den Browser ein;

https://localhost/phpmyadmin

Ihr solltet eine Anmeldeseite sehen, auf der Sie Ihren Benutzernamen und Ihr Passwort eingeben könnt, falls ihr dies nicht getan habt.

Datenbank erstellen

Jetzt müsst ihr die Datenbank ‚Postfix‘ erstellen. Wichtig ist nun der Reiter SQL. Denn es gibt keine Datenbank zum importieren (Sorry). So, wir lassen euch das hier mal abkopieren, obwohl wir es in schwerer Arbeit eingetragen haben (Augenzwinker).

CREATE TABLE domains (
 domain varchar(50) NOT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (domain) )
 TYPE=MyISAM;
CREATE TABLE forwardings (
 source varchar(80) NOT NULL,
 destination TEXT NOT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (source) )
 TYPE=MyISAM;
CREATE TABLE users (
 email varchar(80) NOT NULL,
 password varchar(20) NOT NULL,
 quota INT(10) DEFAULT '10485760',
 PRIMARY KEY (email)
 ) TYPE=MyISAM;
CREATE TABLE transport (
 domain varchar(128) NOT NULL default '',
 transport varchar(128) NOT NULL default '',
 UNIQUE KEY domain (domain)
 ) TYPE=MyISAM;

vi /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf

user = mail_admin password = mail_admin_password dbname = mail query = SELECT domain AS virtual FROM domains WHERE domain=’%s‘ hosts = 127.0.0.1

vi /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf

user = mail_admin password = mail_admin_password dbname = mail query = SELECT destination FROM forwardings WHERE source=’%s‘ hosts = 127.0.0.1

vi /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf

user = mail_admin password = mail_admin_password dbname = mail query = SELECT CONCAT(SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,’@‘,-1),’/‘,SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,’@‘,1),’/‘) FROM users WHERE email=’%s‘ hosts = 127.0.0.1

vi /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf

user = mail_admin password = mail_admin_password dbname = mail query = SELECT email FROM users WHERE email=’%s‘ hosts = 127.0.0.1

vi /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_transports.cf

user = mail_admin password = mail_admin_password dbname = mail query = SELECT transport FROM transport WHERE domain=’%s‘ hosts = 127.0.0.1

vi /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf

user = mail_admin password = mail_admin_password dbname = mail query = SELECT quota FROM users WHERE email=’%s‘ hosts = 127.0.0.1

Ändern wir danach die Berechtigungen und die Gruppe dieser Dateien:

groupadd -g 5000 vmail useradd -g vmail -u 5000 vmail -d /home/vmail -m

Als nächstes führen wir eine Postfix-Konfiguration durch. Stellen Sie sicher, dass Sie server1.example.com durch einen gültigen vollqualifizierten Domänennamen ersetzen, da Ihr Postfix sonst möglicherweise nicht ordnungsgemäß funktioniert!

postconf -e 'myhostname = server1.example.com' postconf -e 'mydestination = server1.example.com, localhost, localhost.localdomain' postconf -e 'mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8' postconf -e 'virtual_alias_domains =' postconf -e 'virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf' postconf -e 'virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf' postconf -e 'virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf' postconf -e 'virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail' postconf -e 'virtual_uid_maps = static:5000' postconf -e 'virtual_gid_maps = static:5000' postconf -e 'smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes' postconf -e 'broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes' postconf -e 'smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination' postconf -e 'smtpd_use_tls = yes' postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert' postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key' postconf -e 'transport_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_transports.cf' postconf -e 'virtual_create_maildirsize = yes' postconf -e 'virtual_maildir_extended = yes' postconf -e 'virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf' postconf -e 'virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes' postconf -e 'virtual_maildir_limit_message = "The user you are trying to reach is over quota."' postconf -e 'virtual_overquota_bounce = yes' postconf -e 'proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps'

Anschließend erstellen wir das für TLS benötigte SSL-Zertifikat :

cd /etc/postfix openssl req -new -outform PEM -out smtpd.cert -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout smtpd.key -keyform PEM -days 365 -x509

<-- Enter your Country Name (e.g., "DE"). <-- Enter your State or Province Name. <-- Enter your City. <-- Enter your Organization Name (e.g., the name of your company). <-- Enter your Organizational Unit Name (e.g. "IT Department"). <-- Enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name of the system (e.g. "server1.example.com"). <-- Enter your Email Address.

Ändern Sie dann die Berechtigungen der Datei smtpd.key :

chmod o= /etc/postfix/smtpd.key

Wir nutzen zwar das Zertifikat. In der main.cf werden wir aber später die Notwendigkeit des Zertifikats abschalten, weil dies ein selbstsigniertes Zertifikat ist. Echte Mail-Zertifikate kosten etwa an die 80 Euro aufsteigend.

Alles müsste so langsam so aussehen (die Dovecot Dateien kommen noch).

Unsere main.cf sieht nun wie folgt aus:

# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version


# Debian specific:  Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name.  The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
myorigin = /etc/mailname

virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf
virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail
#virtual_uid_maps = static:1001
#virtual_gid_maps = static:1001
virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
mailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix

#ContentFilter:
content_filter = smtp-amavis:[localhost]:10024
receive_override_options = no_address_mappings

#smtpd_banner = $myhostname 
biff = no

# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no

# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h

readme_directory = no

# See http://www.postfix.org/COMPATIBILITY_README.html -- default to 2 on
# fresh installs.
compatibility_level = 2

# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/second.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/second.key
smtpd_use_tls=no
smtp_use_tls=no
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache

# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
smtpd_delay_reject = yes
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unknown_hostname
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, defer_unauth_destination
#smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_non_fqdn_helo_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service unix:private/policy-spf
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
myhostname = mail.angeldevil-ent.de
mydomain = angeldevil-ent.de
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
#mydestination = mail.angeldevil-ent.de
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, $mydomain
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 168.100.189.0/28 [::1]/128 [fe80::]/10 [2001:240:587::]/64 
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
policy-spf_time_limit = 3600s

Wir installieren Dovecot

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Dovecot wird nun in der /etc/postfix/master.cf eingetragen. Und Dovecot hat eigene wichtige /etc/dovecot/conf.d Dateien, die wichtig sind.

master.cf

#
# Postfix master process configuration file.  For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type  private unpriv  chroot  wakeup  maxproc command + args
#               (yes)   (yes)   (no)    (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp      inet  n       -       y       -        -       smtpd
#smtp      inet  n       -       y       -       1       postscreen
#smtpd     pass  -       -       y       -       -       smtpd
#dnsblog   unix  -       -       y       -       0       dnsblog
#tlsproxy  unix  -       -       y       -       0       tlsproxy
submission inet n       -       y       -       -       smtpd
smtp-amavis  unix    -    -    n    -    2    smtp
 -o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200
 -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
 -o disable_dns_lookups=yes

127.0.0.1:10025 inet    n    -    n    -    -    smtpd
 -o content_filter=
 -o local_recipient_maps=
 -o relay_recipient_maps=
 -o smtpd_restriction_classes=
 -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
 -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
 -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
 -o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
 -o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes
 -o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0
 -o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001
 -o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1000
 -o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks

#  -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
#  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
# -o smtpd_tls_auth_only=no
#  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
#  -o smtpd_sasl_type=dovecot
#  -o smtpd_sasl_path=private/auth
#  -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
#  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_client_sasl_authenticated
#  -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=reject_sender_login_mismatch
#  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unkwown_recipient_domain, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject
#  -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtps     inet  n       -       y       -       -       smtpd
#  -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
#  -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
#  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
#  -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
#  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
#  -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628       inet  n       -       y       -       -       qmqpd
pickup    unix  n       -       y       60      1       pickup
cleanup   unix  n       -       y       -       0       cleanup
qmgr      unix  n       -       n       300     1       qmgr
#qmgr     unix  n       -       n       300     1       oqmgr
tlsmgr    unix  -       -       y       1000?   1       tlsmgr
rewrite   unix  -       -       y       -       -       trivial-rewrite
bounce    unix  -       -       y       -       0       bounce
defer     unix  -       -       y       -       0       bounce
trace     unix  -       -       y       -       0       bounce
verify    unix  -       -       y       -       1       verify
flush     unix  n       -       y       1000?   0       flush
proxymap  unix  -       -       n       -       -       proxymap
proxywrite unix -       -       n       -       1       proxymap
smtp      unix  -       -       y       -       -       smtp
relay     unix  -       -       y       -       -       smtp
#       -o syslog_name=postfix/$service_name
#       -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq     unix  n       -       y       -       -       showq
error     unix  -       -       y       -       -       error
retry     unix  -       -       y       -       -       error
discard   unix  -       -       y       -       -       discard
local     unix  -       n       n       -       -       local
virtual   unix  -       n       n       -       -       virtual
lmtp      unix  -       -       y       -       -       lmtp
anvil     unix  -       -       y       -       1       anvil
scache    unix  -       -       y       -       1       scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent.  See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
dovecot  unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
#   lmtp    cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
#mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp      unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail    unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix	-	n	n	-	2	pipe
  flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman   unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
  ${nexthop} ${user}
# ==========================================================================
# service type  private unpriv  chroot  wakeup  maxproc command + args
#               (yes)   (yes)   (yes)   (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
# Added using postfix-add-policy script:
policy-spf unix    -       n       n       -       0     spawn
      user=nobody argv=/usr/bin/policyd-spf

doveconf.conf

## Dovecot configuration file

# If you're in a hurry, see http://wiki2.dovecot.org/QuickConfiguration

# "doveconf -n" command gives a clean output of the changed settings. Use it
# instead of copy&pasting files when posting to the Dovecot mailing list.

# '#' character and everything after it is treated as comments. Extra spaces
# and tabs are ignored. If you want to use either of these explicitly, put the
# value inside quotes, eg.: key = "# char and trailing whitespace  "

# Most (but not all) settings can be overridden by different protocols and/or
# source/destination IPs by placing the settings inside sections, for example:
# protocol imap { }, local 127.0.0.1 { }, remote 10.0.0.0/8 { }

# Default values are shown for each setting, it's not required to uncomment
# those. These are exceptions to this though: No sections (e.g. namespace {})
# or plugin settings are added by default, they're listed only as examples.
# Paths are also just examples with the real defaults being based on configure
# options. The paths listed here are for configure --prefix=/usr
# --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var

# Enable installed protocols
!include_try /usr/share/dovecot/protocols.d/*.protocol
mail_home = /home/vmail/%d/%n
mail_location = maildir:/home/vmail/%d/%n

protocols = imap lmtp

# A comma separated list of IPs or hosts where to listen in for connections. 
# "*" listens in all IPv4 interfaces, "::" listens in all IPv6 interfaces.
# If you want to specify non-default ports or anything more complex,
# edit conf.d/master.conf.
#listen = *, ::

#client {
#        path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth
#        mode = 0660
#        user = postfix
#        group = postfix
#}
service auth-worker {
  # Auth worker process is run as root by default, so that it can access
  # /etc/shadow. If this isn't necessary, the user should be changed to
  # $default_internal_user.
  user = root
}

# Base directory where to store runtime data.
#base_dir = /var/run/dovecot/

# Name of this instance. In multi-instance setup doveadm and other commands
# can use -i <instance_name> to select which instance is used (an alternative
# to -c <config_path>). The instance name is also added to Dovecot processes
# in ps output.
#instance_name = dovecot

# Greeting message for clients.
#login_greeting = Dovecot ready.

# Space separated list of trusted network ranges. Connections from these
# IPs are allowed to override their IP addresses and ports (for logging and
# for authentication checks). disable_plaintext_auth is also ignored for
# these networks. Typically you'd specify your IMAP proxy servers here.
#login_trusted_networks =

# Space separated list of login access check sockets (e.g. tcpwrap)
#login_access_sockets = 

# With proxy_maybe=yes if proxy destination matches any of these IPs, don't do
# proxying. This isn't necessary normally, but may be useful if the destination
# IP is e.g. a load balancer's IP.
#auth_proxy_self =

# Show more verbose process titles (in ps). Currently shows user name and
# IP address. Useful for seeing who are actually using the IMAP processes
# (eg. shared mailboxes or if same uid is used for multiple accounts).
#verbose_proctitle = no

# Should all processes be killed when Dovecot master process shuts down.
# Setting this to "no" means that Dovecot can be upgraded without
# forcing existing client connections to close (although that could also be
# a problem if the upgrade is e.g. because of a security fix).
#shutdown_clients = yes

# If non-zero, run mail commands via this many connections to doveadm server,
# instead of running them directly in the same process.
#doveadm_worker_count = 0
# UNIX socket or host:port used for connecting to doveadm server
#doveadm_socket_path = doveadm-server

# Space separated list of environment variables that are preserved on Dovecot
# startup and passed down to all of its child processes. You can also give
# key=value pairs to always set specific settings.
#import_environment = TZ

##
## Dictionary server settings
##

# Dictionary can be used to store key=value lists. This is used by several
# plugins. The dictionary can be accessed either directly or though a
# dictionary server. The following dict block maps dictionary names to URIs
# when the server is used. These can then be referenced using URIs in format
# "proxy::<name>".

dict {
  #quota = mysql:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext
  #expire = sqlite:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext
}

# Most of the actual configuration gets included below. The filenames are
# first sorted by their ASCII value and parsed in that order. The 00-prefixes
# in filenames are intended to make it easier to understand the ordering.
!include conf.d/*.conf

# A config file can also tried to be included without giving an error if
# it's not found:
!include_try local.conf

10-auth.conf

##
## Authentication processes
##

# Disable LOGIN command and all other plaintext authentications unless
# SSL/TLS is used (LOGINDISABLED capability). Note that if the remote IP
# matches the local IP (ie. you're connecting from the same computer), the
# connection is considered secure and plaintext authentication is allowed.
# See also ssl=required setting.
disable_plaintext_auth = no

# Authentication cache size (e.g. 10M). 0 means it's disabled. Note that
# bsdauth, PAM and vpopmail require cache_key to be set for caching to be used.
#auth_cache_size = 0
# Time to live for cached data. After TTL expires the cached record is no
# longer used, *except* if the main database lookup returns internal failure.
# We also try to handle password changes automatically: If user's previous
# authentication was successful, but this one wasn't, the cache isn't used.
# For now this works only with plaintext authentication.
#auth_cache_ttl = 1 hour
# TTL for negative hits (user not found, password mismatch).
# 0 disables caching them completely.
#auth_cache_negative_ttl = 1 hour

# Space separated list of realms for SASL authentication mechanisms that need
# them. You can leave it empty if you don't want to support multiple realms.
# Many clients simply use the first one listed here, so keep the default realm
# first.
#auth_realms =

# Default realm/domain to use if none was specified. This is used for both
# SASL realms and appending @domain to username in plaintext logins.
#auth_default_realm = 

# List of allowed characters in username. If the user-given username contains
# a character not listed in here, the login automatically fails. This is just
# an extra check to make sure user can't exploit any potential quote escaping
# vulnerabilities with SQL/LDAP databases. If you want to allow all characters,
# set this value to empty.
#auth_username_chars = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ01234567890.-_@

# Username character translations before it's looked up from databases. The
# value contains series of from -> to characters. For example "#@/@" means
# that '#' and '/' characters are translated to '@'.
#auth_username_translation =

# Username formatting before it's looked up from databases. You can use
# the standard variables here, eg. %Lu would lowercase the username, %n would
# drop away the domain if it was given, or "%n-AT-%d" would change the '@' into
# "-AT-". This translation is done after auth_username_translation changes.
#auth_username_format = %Lu

# If you want to allow master users to log in by specifying the master
# username within the normal username string (ie. not using SASL mechanism's
# support for it), you can specify the separator character here. The format
# is then <username><separator><master username>. UW-IMAP uses "*" as the
# separator, so that could be a good choice.
#auth_master_user_separator =

# Username to use for users logging in with ANONYMOUS SASL mechanism
#auth_anonymous_username = anonymous

# Maximum number of dovecot-auth worker processes. They're used to execute
# blocking passdb and userdb queries (eg. MySQL and PAM). They're
# automatically created and destroyed as needed.
#auth_worker_max_count = 30

# Host name to use in GSSAPI principal names. The default is to use the
# name returned by gethostname(). Use "$ALL" (with quotes) to allow all keytab
# entries.
#auth_gssapi_hostname =

# Kerberos keytab to use for the GSSAPI mechanism. Will use the system
# default (usually /etc/krb5.keytab) if not specified. You may need to change
# the auth service to run as root to be able to read this file.
#auth_krb5_keytab = 

# Do NTLM and GSS-SPNEGO authentication using Samba's winbind daemon and
# ntlm_auth helper. <doc/wiki/Authentication/Mechanisms/Winbind.txt>
#auth_use_winbind = no

# Path for Samba's ntlm_auth helper binary.
#auth_winbind_helper_path = /usr/bin/ntlm_auth

# Time to delay before replying to failed authentications.
#auth_failure_delay = 2 secs

# Require a valid SSL client certificate or the authentication fails.
#auth_ssl_require_client_cert = no

# Take the username from client's SSL certificate, using 
# X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID() which returns the subject's DN's
# CommonName. 
#auth_ssl_username_from_cert = no

# Space separated list of wanted authentication mechanisms:
#   plain login digest-md5 cram-md5 ntlm rpa apop anonymous gssapi otp skey
#   gss-spnego
# NOTE: See also disable_plaintext_auth setting.
auth_mechanisms = plain

##
## Password and user databases
##

#
# Password database is used to verify user's password (and nothing more).
# You can have multiple passdbs and userdbs. This is useful if you want to
# allow both system users (/etc/passwd) and virtual users to login without
# duplicating the system users into virtual database.
#
# <doc/wiki/PasswordDatabase.txt>
#
# User database specifies where mails are located and what user/group IDs
# own them. For single-UID configuration use "static" userdb.
#
# <doc/wiki/UserDatabase.txt>

#!include auth-deny.conf.ext
#!include auth-master.conf.ext

!include auth-system.conf.ext
#!include auth-sql.conf.ext
#!include auth-ldap.conf.ext
#!include auth-passwdfile.conf.ext
#!include auth-checkpassword.conf.ext
#!include auth-vpopmail.conf.ext
#!include auth-static.conf.ext

10-mail.conf

##
## Mailbox locations and namespaces
##

# Location for users' mailboxes. The default is empty, which means that Dovecot
# tries to find the mailboxes automatically. This won't work if the user
# doesn't yet have any mail, so you should explicitly tell Dovecot the full
# location.
#
# If you're using mbox, giving a path to the INBOX file (eg. /var/mail/%u)
# isn't enough. You'll also need to tell Dovecot where the other mailboxes are
# kept. This is called the "root mail directory", and it must be the first
# path given in the mail_location setting.
#
# There are a few special variables you can use, eg.:
#
#   %u - username
#   %n - user part in user@domain, same as %u if there's no domain
#   %d - domain part in user@domain, empty if there's no domain
#   %h - home directory
#
# See doc/wiki/Variables.txt for full list. Some examples:
#
#mail_location = maildir:~

mail_location = maildir:/home/vmail/%d/%n
#mail_location = mbox:/home/vmail/%d/%n:INBOX=/home/%u/Maildir
#mail_location = mbox:/home/%u/Maildir:INBOX=/home/vmail/%d/%n
#   mail_location = mbox:/var/mail/%d/%1n/%n:INDEX=/var/indexes/%d/%1n/%n
#
# <doc/wiki/MailLocation.txt>
#
# mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u

# If you need to set multiple mailbox locations or want to change default
# namespace settings, you can do it by defining namespace sections.
#
# You can have private, shared and public namespaces. Private namespaces
# are for user's personal mails. Shared namespaces are for accessing other
# users' mailboxes that have been shared. Public namespaces are for shared
# mailboxes that are managed by sysadmin. If you create any shared or public
# namespaces you'll typically want to enable ACL plugin also, otherwise all
# users can access all the shared mailboxes, assuming they have permissions
# on filesystem level to do so.
namespace inbox {
  # Namespace type: private, shared or public
  #type = private

  # Hierarchy separator to use. You should use the same separator for all
  # namespaces or some clients get confused. '/' is usually a good one.
  # The default however depends on the underlying mail storage format.
  #separator = 

  # Prefix required to access this namespace. This needs to be different for
  # all namespaces. For example "Public/".
  #prefix = 

  # Physical location of the mailbox. This is in same format as
  # mail_location, which is also the default for it.
  #location =

  # There can be only one INBOX, and this setting defines which namespace
  # has it.
  inbox = yes

  # If namespace is hidden, it's not advertised to clients via NAMESPACE
  # extension. You'll most likely also want to set list=no. This is mostly
  # useful when converting from another server with different namespaces which
  # you want to deprecate but still keep working. For example you can create
  # hidden namespaces with prefixes "~/mail/", "~%u/mail/" and "mail/".
  #hidden = no

  # Show the mailboxes under this namespace with LIST command. This makes the
  # namespace visible for clients that don't support NAMESPACE extension.
  # "children" value lists child mailboxes, but hides the namespace prefix.
  #list = yes

  # Namespace handles its own subscriptions. If set to "no", the parent
  # namespace handles them (empty prefix should always have this as "yes")
  #subscriptions = yes

  # See 15-mailboxes.conf for definitions of special mailboxes.
}

# Example shared namespace configuration
#namespace {
  #type = shared
  #separator = /

  # Mailboxes are visible under "shared/user@domain/"
  # %%n, %%d and %%u are expanded to the destination user.
  #prefix = shared/%%u/

  # Mail location for other users' mailboxes. Note that %variables and ~/
  # expands to the logged in user's data. %%n, %%d, %%u and %%h expand to the
  # destination user's data.
  #location = maildir:%%h/Maildir:INDEX=~/Maildir/shared/%%u

  # Use the default namespace for saving subscriptions.
  #subscriptions = no

  # List the shared/ namespace only if there are visible shared mailboxes.
  #list = children
#}
# Should shared INBOX be visible as "shared/user" or "shared/user/INBOX"?
#mail_shared_explicit_inbox = no

# System user and group used to access mails. If you use multiple, userdb
# can override these by returning uid or gid fields. You can use either numbers
# or names. <doc/wiki/UserIds.txt>
mail_gid = vmail
mail_uid = vmail

# Group to enable temporarily for privileged operations. Currently this is
# used only with INBOX when either its initial creation or dotlocking fails.
# Typically this is set to "mail" to give access to /var/mail.
mail_privileged_group = vmail

# Grant access to these supplementary groups for mail processes. Typically
# these are used to set up access to shared mailboxes. Note that it may be
# dangerous to set these if users can create symlinks (e.g. if "mail" group is
# set here, ln -s /var/mail ~/mail/var could allow a user to delete others'
# mailboxes, or ln -s /secret/shared/box ~/mail/mybox would allow reading it).
mail_access_groups = vmail

# Allow full filesystem access to clients. There's no access checks other than
# what the operating system does for the active UID/GID. It works with both
# maildir and mboxes, allowing you to prefix mailboxes names with eg. /path/
# or ~user/.
#mail_full_filesystem_access = no

# Dictionary for key=value mailbox attributes. This is used for example by
# URLAUTH and METADATA extensions.
#mail_attribute_dict =

# A comment or note that is associated with the server. This value is
# accessible for authenticated users through the IMAP METADATA server
# entry "/shared/comment". 
#mail_server_comment = ""

# Indicates a method for contacting the server administrator. According to
# RFC 5464, this value MUST be a URI (e.g., a mailto: or tel: URL), but that
# is currently not enforced. Use for example mailto:admin@example.com. This
# value is accessible for authenticated users through the IMAP METADATA server
# entry "/shared/admin".
#mail_server_admin = 

##
## Mail processes
##

# Don't use mmap() at all. This is required if you store indexes to shared
# filesystems (NFS or clustered filesystem).
#mmap_disable = no

# Rely on O_EXCL to work when creating dotlock files. NFS supports O_EXCL
# since version 3, so this should be safe to use nowadays by default.
#dotlock_use_excl = yes

# When to use fsync() or fdatasync() calls:
#   optimized (default): Whenever necessary to avoid losing important data
#   always: Useful with e.g. NFS when write()s are delayed
#   never: Never use it (best performance, but crashes can lose data)
#mail_fsync = optimized

# Locking method for index files. Alternatives are fcntl, flock and dotlock.
# Dotlocking uses some tricks which may create more disk I/O than other locking
# methods. NFS users: flock doesn't work, remember to change mmap_disable.
#lock_method = fcntl

# Directory in which LDA/LMTP temporarily stores incoming mails >128 kB.
#mail_temp_dir = /tmp

# Valid UID range for users, defaults to 500 and above. This is mostly
# to make sure that users can't log in as daemons or other system users.
# Note that denying root logins is hardcoded to dovecot binary and can't
# be done even if first_valid_uid is set to 0.
#first_valid_uid = 500
#last_valid_uid = 0

# Valid GID range for users, defaults to non-root/wheel. Users having
# non-valid GID as primary group ID aren't allowed to log in. If user
# belongs to supplementary groups with non-valid GIDs, those groups are
# not set.
#first_valid_gid = 1
#last_valid_gid = 0

# Maximum allowed length for mail keyword name. It's only forced when trying
# to create new keywords.
#mail_max_keyword_length = 50

# ':' separated list of directories under which chrooting is allowed for mail
# processes (ie. /var/mail will allow chrooting to /var/mail/foo/bar too).
# This setting doesn't affect login_chroot, mail_chroot or auth chroot
# settings. If this setting is empty, "/./" in home dirs are ignored.
# WARNING: Never add directories here which local users can modify, that
# may lead to root exploit. Usually this should be done only if you don't
# allow shell access for users. <doc/wiki/Chrooting.txt>
#valid_chroot_dirs = 

# Default chroot directory for mail processes. This can be overridden for
# specific users in user database by giving /./ in user's home directory
# (eg. /home/./user chroots into /home). Note that usually there is no real
# need to do chrooting, Dovecot doesn't allow users to access files outside
# their mail directory anyway. If your home directories are prefixed with
# the chroot directory, append "/." to mail_chroot. <doc/wiki/Chrooting.txt>
#mail_chroot = 

# UNIX socket path to master authentication server to find users.
# This is used by imap (for shared users) and lda.
#auth_socket_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-userdb

# Directory where to look up mail plugins.
#mail_plugin_dir = /usr/lib/dovecot/modules

# Space separated list of plugins to load for all services. Plugins specific to
# IMAP, LDA, etc. are added to this list in their own .conf files.
#mail_plugins = 

##
## Mailbox handling optimizations
##

# Mailbox list indexes can be used to optimize IMAP STATUS commands. They are
# also required for IMAP NOTIFY extension to be enabled.
#mailbox_list_index = no

# Trust mailbox list index to be up-to-date. This reduces disk I/O at the cost
# of potentially returning out-of-date results after e.g. server crashes.
# The results will be automatically fixed once the folders are opened.
#mailbox_list_index_very_dirty_syncs = yes

# Should INBOX be kept up-to-date in the mailbox list index? By default it's
# not, because most of the mailbox accesses will open INBOX anyway.
#mailbox_list_index_include_inbox = no

# The minimum number of mails in a mailbox before updates are done to cache
# file. This allows optimizing Dovecot's behavior to do less disk writes at
# the cost of more disk reads.
#mail_cache_min_mail_count = 0

# When IDLE command is running, mailbox is checked once in a while to see if
# there are any new mails or other changes. This setting defines the minimum
# time to wait between those checks. Dovecot can also use inotify and
# kqueue to find out immediately when changes occur.
#mailbox_idle_check_interval = 30 secs

# Save mails with CR+LF instead of plain LF. This makes sending those mails
# take less CPU, especially with sendfile() syscall with Linux and FreeBSD.
# But it also creates a bit more disk I/O which may just make it slower.
# Also note that if other software reads the mboxes/maildirs, they may handle
# the extra CRs wrong and cause problems.
#mail_save_crlf = no

# Max number of mails to keep open and prefetch to memory. This only works with
# some mailbox formats and/or operating systems.
#mail_prefetch_count = 0

# How often to scan for stale temporary files and delete them (0 = never).
# These should exist only after Dovecot dies in the middle of saving mails.
#mail_temp_scan_interval = 1w

# How many slow mail accesses sorting can perform before it returns failure.
# With IMAP the reply is: NO [LIMIT] Requested sort would have taken too long.
# The untagged SORT reply is still returned, but it's likely not correct.
#mail_sort_max_read_count = 0

protocol !indexer-worker {
  # If folder vsize calculation requires opening more than this many mails from
  # disk (i.e. mail sizes aren't in cache already), return failure and finish
  # the calculation via indexer process. Disabled by default. This setting must
  # be 0 for indexer-worker processes.
  #mail_vsize_bg_after_count = 0
}

##
## Maildir-specific settings
##

# By default LIST command returns all entries in maildir beginning with a dot.
# Enabling this option makes Dovecot return only entries which are directories.
# This is done by stat()ing each entry, so it causes more disk I/O.
# (For systems setting struct dirent->d_type, this check is free and it's
# done always regardless of this setting)
#maildir_stat_dirs = no

# When copying a message, do it with hard links whenever possible. This makes
# the performance much better, and it's unlikely to have any side effects.
#maildir_copy_with_hardlinks = yes

# Assume Dovecot is the only MUA accessing Maildir: Scan cur/ directory only
# when its mtime changes unexpectedly or when we can't find the mail otherwise.
#maildir_very_dirty_syncs = no

# If enabled, Dovecot doesn't use the S=<size> in the Maildir filenames for
# getting the mail's physical size, except when recalculating Maildir++ quota.
# This can be useful in systems where a lot of the Maildir filenames have a
# broken size. The performance hit for enabling this is very small.
#maildir_broken_filename_sizes = no

# Always move mails from new/ directory to cur/, even when the \Recent flags
# aren't being reset.
#maildir_empty_new = no

##
## mbox-specific settings
##

# Which locking methods to use for locking mbox. There are four available:
#  dotlock: Create <mailbox>.lock file. This is the oldest and most NFS-safe
#           solution. If you want to use /var/mail/ like directory, the users
#           will need write access to that directory.
#  dotlock_try: Same as dotlock, but if it fails because of permissions or
#               because there isn't enough disk space, just skip it.
#  fcntl  : Use this if possible. Works with NFS too if lockd is used.
#  flock  : May not exist in all systems. Doesn't work with NFS.
#  lockf  : May not exist in all systems. Doesn't work with NFS.
#
# You can use multiple locking methods; if you do the order they're declared
# in is important to avoid deadlocks if other MTAs/MUAs are using multiple
# locking methods as well. Some operating systems don't allow using some of
# them simultaneously.
#
# The Debian value for mbox_write_locks differs from upstream Dovecot. It is
# changed to be compliant with Debian Policy (section 11.6) for NFS safety.
#       Dovecot: mbox_write_locks = dotlock fcntl
#       Debian:  mbox_write_locks = fcntl dotlock
#
#mbox_read_locks = fcntl
#mbox_write_locks = fcntl dotlock

# Maximum time to wait for lock (all of them) before aborting.
#mbox_lock_timeout = 5 mins

# If dotlock exists but the mailbox isn't modified in any way, override the
# lock file after this much time.
#mbox_dotlock_change_timeout = 2 mins

# When mbox changes unexpectedly we have to fully read it to find out what
# changed. If the mbox is large this can take a long time. Since the change
# is usually just a newly appended mail, it'd be faster to simply read the
# new mails. If this setting is enabled, Dovecot does this but still safely
# fallbacks to re-reading the whole mbox file whenever something in mbox isn't
# how it's expected to be. The only real downside to this setting is that if
# some other MUA changes message flags, Dovecot doesn't notice it immediately.
# Note that a full sync is done with SELECT, EXAMINE, EXPUNGE and CHECK 
# commands.
#mbox_dirty_syncs = yes

# Like mbox_dirty_syncs, but don't do full syncs even with SELECT, EXAMINE,
# EXPUNGE or CHECK commands. If this is set, mbox_dirty_syncs is ignored.
#mbox_very_dirty_syncs = no

# Delay writing mbox headers until doing a full write sync (EXPUNGE and CHECK
# commands and when closing the mailbox). This is especially useful for POP3
# where clients often delete all mails. The downside is that our changes
# aren't immediately visible to other MUAs.
#mbox_lazy_writes = yes

# If mbox size is smaller than this (e.g. 100k), don't write index files.
# If an index file already exists it's still read, just not updated.
#mbox_min_index_size = 0

# Mail header selection algorithm to use for MD5 POP3 UIDLs when
# pop3_uidl_format=%m. For backwards compatibility we use apop3d inspired
# algorithm, but it fails if the first Received: header isn't unique in all
# mails. An alternative algorithm is "all" that selects all headers.
#mbox_md5 = apop3d

##
## mdbox-specific settings
##

# Maximum dbox file size until it's rotated.
#mdbox_rotate_size = 2M

# Maximum dbox file age until it's rotated. Typically in days. Day begins
# from midnight, so 1d = today, 2d = yesterday, etc. 0 = check disabled.
#mdbox_rotate_interval = 0

# When creating new mdbox files, immediately preallocate their size to
# mdbox_rotate_size. This setting currently works only in Linux with some
# filesystems (ext4, xfs).
#mdbox_preallocate_space = no

##
## Mail attachments
##

# sdbox and mdbox support saving mail attachments to external files, which
# also allows single instance storage for them. Other backends don't support
# this for now.

# Directory root where to store mail attachments. Disabled, if empty.
#mail_attachment_dir =

# Attachments smaller than this aren't saved externally. It's also possible to
# write a plugin to disable saving specific attachments externally.
#mail_attachment_min_size = 128k

# Filesystem backend to use for saving attachments:
#  posix : No SiS done by Dovecot (but this might help FS's own deduplication)
#  sis posix : SiS with immediate byte-by-byte comparison during saving
#  sis-queue posix : SiS with delayed comparison and deduplication
#mail_attachment_fs = sis posix

# Hash format to use in attachment filenames. You can add any text and
# variables: %{md4}, %{md5}, %{sha1}, %{sha256}, %{sha512}, %{size}.
# Variables can be truncated, e.g. %{sha256:80} returns only first 80 bits
#mail_attachment_hash = %{sha1}

service auth {

    unix_listener auth-userdb { 
        mode = 0644
        #Change to the user and group of your postfix
        user = vmail  
        group = vmail
    }

#    #dovecot user
#    user = dovecot

}


service auth-worker {
  # Auth worker process is run as root by default, so that it can access
  # /etc/shadow. If this isn't necessary, the user should be changed to
  # $default_internal_user.
  user = root
}

10-master.conf

#default_process_limit = 100
#default_client_limit = 1000

# Default VSZ (virtual memory size) limit for service processes. This is mainly
# intended to catch and kill processes that leak memory before they eat up
# everything.
#default_vsz_limit = 256M

# Login user is internally used by login processes. This is the most untrusted
# user in Dovecot system. It shouldn't have access to anything at all.
#default_login_user = dovenull

# Internal user is used by unprivileged processes. It should be separate from
# login user, so that login processes can't disturb other processes.
#default_internal_user = dovecot

service imap-login {
  inet_listener imap {
    #port = 143
  }
  inet_listener imaps {
    #port = 993
    #ssl = yes
  }

  # Number of connections to handle before starting a new process. Typically
  # the only useful values are 0 (unlimited) or 1. 1 is more secure, but 0
  # is faster. <doc/wiki/LoginProcess.txt>
  #service_count = 1

  # Number of processes to always keep waiting for more connections.
  #process_min_avail = 0

  # If you set service_count=0, you probably need to grow this.
  #vsz_limit = $default_vsz_limit
}

service pop3-login {
  inet_listener pop3 {
    #port = 110
  }
  inet_listener pop3s {
    #port = 995
    #ssl = yes
  }
}

service lmtp {
#  unix_listener auth-userdb {
#    group = vmail
#    mode = 0644
#    user = vmail
#  }
  unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp {
    group = postfix
    mode = 0666
    user = postfix
  }
}

service imap {
  # Most of the memory goes to mmap()ing files. You may need to increase this
  # limit if you have huge mailboxes.
  #vsz_limit = $default_vsz_limit

  # Max. number of IMAP processes (connections)
  #process_limit = 1024
}

service pop3 {
  # Max. number of POP3 processes (connections)
  #process_limit = 1024
}

service auth {
  unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
    mode = 0660
    user = postfix
    group = postfix
  }
}

service auth-worker {
  # Auth worker process is run as root by default, so that it can access
  # /etc/shadow. If this isn't necessary, the user should be changed to
  # $default_internal_user.
  user = root
}

service dict {
  # If dict proxy is used, mail processes should have access to its socket.
  # For example: mode=0660, group=vmail and global mail_access_groups=vmail
  unix_listener dict {
    mode = 0660
    user = dovecot
    group = postfix
  }
}

10-ssl.conf

##
## SSL settings
##

# SSL/TLS support: yes, no, required. <doc/wiki/SSL.txt>
ssl = yes

# PEM encoded X.509 SSL/TLS certificate and private key. They're opened before
# dropping root privileges, so keep the key file unreadable by anyone but
# root. Included doc/mkcert.sh can be used to easily generate self-signed
# certificate, just make sure to update the domains in dovecot-openssl.cnf
ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/Cert.pem
ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/Cert.key

# If key file is password protected, give the password here. Alternatively
# give it when starting dovecot with -p parameter. Since this file is often
# world-readable, you may want to place this setting instead to a different
# root owned 0600 file by using ssl_key_password = <path.
#ssl_key_password =

# PEM encoded trusted certificate authority. Set this only if you intend to use
# ssl_verify_client_cert=yes. The file should contain the CA certificate(s)
# followed by the matching CRL(s). (e.g. ssl_ca = </etc/ssl/certs/ca.pem)
#ssl_ca = 

# Require that CRL check succeeds for client certificates.
#ssl_require_crl = yes

# Directory and/or file for trusted SSL CA certificates. These are used only
# when Dovecot needs to act as an SSL client (e.g. imapc backend). The
# directory is usually /etc/ssl/certs in Debian-based systems and the file is
# /etc/pki/tls/cert.pem in RedHat-based systems.
ssl_client_ca_dir = /etc/ssl/certs
#ssl_client_ca_file =

# Request client to send a certificate. If you also want to require it, set
# auth_ssl_require_client_cert=yes in auth section.
#ssl_verify_client_cert = no

# Which field from certificate to use for username. commonName and
# x500UniqueIdentifier are the usual choices. You'll also need to set
# auth_ssl_username_from_cert=yes.
#ssl_cert_username_field = commonName

# DH parameters length to use.
#ssl_dh_parameters_length = 1024

# SSL protocols to use
#ssl_protocols = !SSLv3

# SSL ciphers to use
#ssl_cipher_list = ALL:!LOW:!SSLv2:!EXP:!aNULL

# Prefer the server's order of ciphers over client's.
#ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = no

# SSL crypto device to use, for valid values run "openssl engine"
#ssl_crypto_device =

# SSL extra options. Currently supported options are:
#   no_compression - Disable compression.
#   no_ticket - Disable SSL session tickets.
#ssl_options =

15-lda.conf

##
## LDA specific settings (also used by LMTP)
##

# Address to use when sending rejection mails.
# Default is postmaster@<your domain>. %d expands to recipient domain.
#postmaster_address =

# Hostname to use in various parts of sent mails (e.g. in Message-Id) and
# in LMTP replies. Default is the system's real hostname@domain.
#hostname = 

# If user is over quota, return with temporary failure instead of
# bouncing the mail.
#quota_full_tempfail = no

# Binary to use for sending mails.
#sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail

# If non-empty, send mails via this SMTP host[:port] instead of sendmail.
#submission_host =

# Subject: header to use for rejection mails. You can use the same variables
# as for rejection_reason below.
#rejection_subject = Rejected: %s

# Human readable error message for rejection mails. You can use variables:
#  %n = CRLF, %r = reason, %s = original subject, %t = recipient
#rejection_reason = Your message to <%t> was automatically rejected:%n%r

# Delimiter character between local-part and detail in email address.
#recipient_delimiter = +

# Header where the original recipient address (SMTP's RCPT TO: address) is taken
# from if not available elsewhere. With dovecot-lda -a parameter overrides this. 
# A commonly used header for this is X-Original-To.
#lda_original_recipient_header =

# Should saving a mail to a nonexistent mailbox automatically create it?
lda_mailbox_autocreate = yes

# Should automatically created mailboxes be also automatically subscribed?
#lda_mailbox_autosubscribe = no

protocol lda {
    postmaster_address = root@mail.angeldevil-ent.de
}

20-lmtp.conf

##
## LMTP specific settings
##

# Support proxying to other LMTP/SMTP servers by performing passdb lookups.
#lmtp_proxy = no

# When recipient address includes the detail (e.g. user+detail), try to save
# the mail to the detail mailbox. See also recipient_delimiter and
# lda_mailbox_autocreate settings.
#lmtp_save_to_detail_mailbox = no

# Verify quota before replying to RCPT TO. This adds a small overhead.
#lmtp_rcpt_check_quota = no

# Which recipient address to use for Delivered-To: header and Received:
# header. The default is "final", which is the same as the one given to
# RCPT TO command. "original" uses the address given in RCPT TO's ORCPT
# parameter, "none" uses nothing. Note that "none" is currently always used
# when a mail has multiple recipients.
#lmtp_hdr_delivery_address = final



protocol lmtp {
  # Space separated list of plugins to load (default is global mail_plugins).
  postmaster_address = root@mail.angeldevil-ent.de
  mail_plugins = $mail_plugins
}

99-mail-stack-delivery.conf

# Some general options
# Installed protocols are now auto-included by /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
# Since mail-stack-delivery depends on them it is more flexible to not
# explicitly list them here, but achieves the same.
# protocols = imap pop3 sieve

disable_plaintext_auth = yes

# Since 18.04 basic SSL enablement is set up by dovecot-core and configured
# in /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf.
# So by default basic enablement is no more done here. The old section is kept
# as comment for reference to the old defaults.
#
# ssl = yes
# ssl_cert = </etc/dovecot/dovecot.pem
# ssl_key = </etc/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem
#
# If you keep a formerly used custom SSL enablement in this file it will (as
# before) continue to overwrite the new defaults in 10-ssl.conf as this file is
# sorted later being 99-*.conf
#
# If you choose to take the new defaults (no ssl config in this file) please
# make sure you have also chosen the package defaults for 10-ssl.conf (to enable
# it there) when dovecot-core configures. Also check that the links for cert/key
# set up there got created correctly (they would not be created if they conflict with your
# old keys done by mail-stack-delivery).
#
#mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
mail_location = maildir:/home/vmail/%d/%n
auth_username_chars = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ01234567890.-_@

# IMAP configuration
protocol imap {
        mail_max_userip_connections = 10
        imap_client_workarounds = delay-newmail
}

# POP3 configuration
protocol pop3 {
        mail_max_userip_connections = 10
        pop3_client_workarounds = outlook-no-nuls oe-ns-eoh
}

# LDA configuration
protocol lda {
        postmaster_address = postmaster
        mail_plugins = sieve
        quota_full_tempfail = yes
        deliver_log_format = msgid=%m: %$
        rejection_reason = Your message to <%t> was automatically rejected:%n%r
}

# Plugins configuration
plugin {
        sieve=~/.dovecot.sieve
        sieve_dir=~/sieve
}

# Authentication configuration
auth_mechanisms = plain login

service auth {
  # Postfix smtp-auth
  unix_listener auth-userdb {
    mode = 0644
    user = vmail
    group = vmail
  }
}

Unsere Mail-Stack-Delivery führt jetzt zum Vmail Ordner. Wichtig! Guckt nach, wo das System eure Emails hinschickt welchen Ordner der Imap abruft und passt die Ordner entsprechend an. Die Ordner können in der 99-mail-stack-delivery.conf eingetragen werden. Auch in der 10-mail.conf muss der Ordner angebeben sein.

$ sudo service postfix reload
$ sudo service dovecot reload

Amavis ist eingetragen und sollte installiert werden

Wir installieren

$ sudo apt-get install clamav clamav-daemon amavisd-new spamassassin 

Amavis tut noch nicht. Die Datei /etc/amavis/conf.d/15-content_filter_mode steht euch noch bevor. Rautezeichen bitte wegmachen vor

@bypass_virus_checks_maps = (
   \%bypass_virus_checks, \@bypass_virus_checks_acl, \$bypass_virus_checks_re);

@bypass_spam_checks_maps = (
   \%bypass_spam_checks, \@bypass_spam_checks_acl, \$bypass_spam_checks_re);

und dann

$ sudo service clamav-daemon restart
$ sudo service amavis restart

und prüfen

# telnet localhost 10025

Wir sind immer noch Häschen

Aber das ändern wir

$ ufw --version
$ ufw enable
$ sudo apt-get install ufw

Indem wir eine Firewall installieren. Die soll Port 80 schützen und Port 25 durchlassen

$ sudo ufw allow 25/tcp
$ sudo ufw allow 143/tcp
$ sudo ufw allow 587/tcp
$ sudo ufw allow 110/tcp

Die Seiten sind jetzt Firewall gesichert. Aber die Emails gehen durch. Um die kümmert sich Amavis (hoffentlich).

Geschafft!

Jetzt müssten wir eigentlich einen voll funktionierenden Web- und Emailserver haben. Wenn Emails jetzt nicht durch kommen hilft die /var/log/mail.log und die mail.err im gleichen Ordner. Zu fast jeder Fehlermeldung gibt es irgendwo einen Blogeintrag, der euch eine Fehlerlösung bringt. (PS: EWE-Tel lässt in dynamischen IP’s von Privatkunden gar keinen Emailverkehr durch, sobald wir wissen). Und jetzt!

Kaffee!!